January 25, 1940The SS decides to construct a concentration camp near Oswiecim (Auschwitz).
May 20, 1940The first concentration camp prisoners -- 30 recidivist criminals from Sachsenhausen -- arrive at Auschwitz concentration camp.
March 1, 1941Reichsfuehrer SS and Chief of German Police Heinrich Himmler inspects Oswiecim (Auschwitz). Because nearby factories use prisoners for forced labor, Himmler is concerned about the prisoner capacity of the camp. On this visit, he orders both the expansion of Auschwitz I camp facilities to hold 30,000 prisoners and the building of a camp near Birkenau for an expected influx of 100,000 Soviet prisoners of war. Himmler also orders that the camp supply 10,000 prisoners for forced labor to construct an I.G. Farben factory complex at Dwory, about a mile away. Himmler will make additional visits to Auschwitz in 1942, when he will witness the killing of prisoners in the gas chambers.
September 3, 1941The first gassings of prisoners occur in Auschwitz I. The SS tests Zyklon B gas by killing 600 Soviet prisoners of war and 250 other ill or weak prisoners. Testing takes place in a makeshift gas chamber in the cellar of Block 11 in Auschwitz I. Zyklon B was the commercial name for crystalline hydrogen cyanide gas, manufactured by I.G. Farben and normally used as an insecticide. The "success" of these experiments will lead to the adoption of Zyklon B as the killing agent for the yet-to-be-constructed Auschwitz-Birkenau killing center.
January 25, 1942SS chief Heinrich Himmler informs Richard Gluecks, the Inspector of Concentration Camps, that 100,000 Jewish men and 50,000 Jewish women would be deported from Germany to Auschwitz as forced laborers.
February 15, 1942The first transport of Jews from Bytom (Beuthen) in German-annexed Upper Silesia arrives in Auschwitz I. The SS camp authorities kill all those on the transport immediately upon arrival with Zyklon B gas.
December 31, 1942German SS and police authorities deported approximately 175,000 Jews to Auschwitz in 1942.
January 1 - March 31, 1943German SS and police authorities deport approximately 105,000 Jews to Auschwitz.
January 29, 1943The Reich Central Office for Security orders all designated Roma (Gypsies) residing in Germany, Austria, and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia to be deported to Auschwitz.
February 26, 1943The first transport of Roma (Gypsies) from Germany arrives at Auschwitz. The SS authorities house them in Section B-IIe of Auschwitz-Birkenau, which becomes known as the "Gypsy family camp." By the end of 1943 more than 18,000 Roma (Gypsies) will have been incarcerated in the so-called family camp and as many as 23,000 Gypsies deported to the Auschwitz camp complex.
April 1, 1943 - March 1944German SS and police authorities deport approximately 160,000 Jews to Auschwitz.
May 2, 1944The first two transports of Hungarian Jews arrive in Auschwitz.
July 6, 1944The deportation of Hungarian Jews is halted by order of Regent Miklos Horthy. The last transport from Hungary arrives on July 11.
August 2, 1944SS camp authorities murder the last residents -- just under 3,000 -- of the so-called Gypsy family camp in Auschwitz-Birkenau. The SS murders an estimated total of 20,000 Roma (Gypsies) in the Auschwitz concentration camp complex.
April 1944 - November 1944SS and Police authorities deport more than 585,000 Jews to Auschwitz.
October 7, 1944Members of the Jewish prisoner "special detachment" (Sonderkommando) that was forced to remove bodies from the gas chambers and operate the crematoria stage an uprising. They successfully blow up Crematorium IV and kill several guards. Women prisoners had smuggled gunpowder out of nearby factories to members of the Sonderkommando. The SS quickly suppresses the revolt and kills all the Sonderkommando members. On January 6, 1945, just weeks before Soviet forces liberate the camp, the SS will also hang four women who smuggled gunpowder into the camp.
November 25, 1944As Soviet forces continue to approach, SS chief Heinrich Himmler orders the destruction of the Auschwitz-Birkenau gas chambers and crematoria. During this SS attempt to destroy the evidence of mass killings, prisoners will be forced to dismantle and dynamite the structures.
January 12, 1945A Soviet offensive breaches the German defenses on the Vistula; Soviet troops take Warsaw and advance rapidly on Krakow and Oswiecim.
January 18 - 27, 1945As Soviet units approach, the SS evacuates to the west the prisoners of the Auschwitz concentration camp complex. Tens of thousands of prisoners, mostly Jews, are forced to march to the cities of Wodzislaw and Gliwice in the western part of Upper Silesia. During the march, SS guards shoot anyone who cannot continue. In Wodzislaw and Gliwice, the prisoners will be put on unheated freight trains and deported to concentration camps in Germany, particularly to Flossenbürg, Sachsenhausen, Gross-Rosen, Buchenwald, and Dachau, and to Mauthausen in Austria. In all, nearly 60,000 prisoners are forced on death marches from the Auschwitz camp system. As many as 15,000 die during the forced marches. Thousands more were killed in the days before the evacuation.
January 27, 1945Soviet troops enter the Auschwitz camp complex and liberate approximately 7,000 prisoners remaining in the camp. During the existence of Auschwitz, the SS camp authorities killed nearly one million Jews from across Europe. Other victims included approximately 74,000 Poles, approximately 21,000 Roma (Gypsies), and approximately 15,000 Soviet prisoners of war.
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This is a very great way to see all the people that were sent to Auschwitz. I had always known that many people were to Auchwitz, but never had I known exact figures. I find it interesting that even though the Nazi Party would have wanted to keep the details of Auschwitz private, it was interesting that they had dates that Jews were sent into Auschwitz. I knew that different nations were entering and trying to get to Auschwitz, but I found it interesting that the Soviety Union of Russia was the first nation to enter, and try to get in. It was interesting that the SS commander, wanted to destroy all the cremitories, and gas-chambers in Auschwitz-Berkuneau. Also another thing that I found interesting was that the SS officers still left Jews in Auschwitz after they left, I would have thought that they would have all been taken or killed.
ReplyDeleteI believe that this is a very interesting timeline. I learned a couple of new things from it. The first new thing that i learned was that the concentration camp was not originally built for the jews. I did not know that Auschwitch was originally for prisoners of war. The next thing that i found out was that it was not originally in 3 parts, but that they had to make accommodations for other people coming in. In addition, i also find it interesting that the Soviets were the first to enter Auschwitz, I had always thought of them as almost as bad as the Germans because they had the KGB and secret police. In my opinion it is kind of ironic.
ReplyDeleteBailey
I think that this reading was very depressing. One reason I think this is because over a million Jews and other people the Nazis deemed a lesser race. Another reason that it is depressing is that the Jews had to work in the factory and they had to make the Zyklon B which was used in the gasing of the Jews and other prisoners. This meant that they were almost manufactuing their own death because there was a chance that the Zyklon B that they made could be used to gas them and cause their death. One last reason that it was depressing is that they forced the Jews to work the creamatoriums. They had to burn the dead bodies of people just like them and in some occasions they had to burn the bodies of their friends or family members. I hope with all these examples of horrible acts of human behavior we will all learn that these atrocities can never be committed again.
ReplyDeleteJack Powers
When you consider our social studies theme for this year, "What factors contribute to a just society" certainly Hilter and his SS soldiers do not come to mind. Hilter's philosophy had nothing to do with creating a just and fair enviroment,he was only concerned with power. He was trying to create the largest dictorship the world had ever seen. During the Holocaust he systematically tried to elimated the jews and other opposing treats. Hilter used the idea of a just society to biuld support and loyalty with his people only to carry out his evil plan.
ReplyDeletejake and joe mceachern